The Road of Life free essay sample

In his poem, Traveling through the Dark, William Stafford presents the reader with the difficulty of one mans choice. Immediately, the scene is set, with the driver, who is traveling through the dark on a treacherous winding road when suddenly he sees a dead deer in the road. Right away, the speaker realizes what he must do: It is usually best to roll them into the canyon. The reader can recognize that this is not a new situation for the speaker and he makes it clear that to leave the deer lying in the road could cause an unsuspecting car to swerve and go toppling into the canyon, which might make more dead. The speaker then continues to report the details of what he did next: he got out of the car, which he parked Just ahead of the deer carcass, and stumbled back of the car. He examines the deer and finds that she has stiffened already, almost cold. We will write a custom essay sample on The Road of Life or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But as he drags her body over to the lip of the canyon, he notices that she was large in the belly. It appears that the doe is pregnant because when he felt her side it was warm. The baby was still alive. This turn of events causes the speaker to reconsider. Pushing a dead deer off the side of the cliff is one thing, but a deer whose baby is alive is different. He knows that if he ushes the dead doe over the cliff, he is killing the unborn baby, so beside that mountain road [he] hesitated. Although a car could come speeding around the turn at any time, the situation catches the speaker off guard and makes him wonder how could he Just heartlessly toss away this innocent life? The speaker seems to be contemplating two options. He could try to deliver the baby to save its life, which he would prefer to do. But he quickly realizes that this option is not a realistic one at all. He couldnt do a surgery like this on such a dark road and be able to keep the baby alive. The speaker thinks hard about what to do. He calls his hesitation my only swerving, because when he realized that the doe was pregnant, his decision to toss it over was reconsidered. But he finally comes to the conclusion that he has no choice but to try to save other humans before its too late so he pushed her over the edge into the river. Who is it best for, the deer or man? Is human life more important than animal life? These are questions that arise when reading the poem and are questions that the speaker must answer before the night is over. Through his use of metaphor, symbolism, and personification, Stafford alludes to the difficult decisions that occur long the road of life, especially death, and the consequences that are a result from those decisions. With the use of these devices, Stafford shows the theme of death as a consequence of these decisions and reveals the conflict between humans and nature. The poem uses four four-line stanzas and a concluding two-line verse. It is a narrative description of the speakers actions during the darkness. There are no regular rhyme schemes and its irregular in meter. But Stafford seemed to be playing with rhymes by using near rhymes like road and dead; killing and belly; waiting and hesitated; engine and listen; swerving and river. Stafford may be doing this so the poem doesnt have a definite structure, giving it a more relaxed feeling when reading it. The poem seems to be set in a conversation style, where the speaker is talking out loud, reliving the event that occurred that night. To illustrate the theme of death, Stafford presents a metaphor relating the literal road to the road Wilson River road. Also, the reader gets the sense that the road is dark and isolated. The only lit section of this road is the stretch that the speaker is travelling n. Symbolically, this represents the speakers current life. The road that has already been traveled symbolizes his past. The speaker may be unable to see his past because of the darkness. He also literally cant see farther ahead, only as far as the headlights will allow, because of the darkness. This sy mbolizes how the future in our lives is yet to be discovered. Staffords symbolic description of the road is comparable toa mans trip along the path of life. In this poem though, Stafford reveals conflicts with stopping along the path of life, not travelling along it. The eceased deer is what forces the speaker to stop along the road, but death in life is what causes humans to stop along their path and take time to make decisions. Stafford also uses symbolism of the deer, canyon, and river to reinforce his theme. The deer is seen as a roadblock which must be dealt with before the speaker can continue on his trip. He cant simply push death to the side of the road as the reader sees when he has a hard time making up his mind. But the deer would Just decay if it were left there. Instead, as Stafford states in the first stanza, it is usually best to oll them into the canyon. Stafford shows the way to deal with this is to discard of it immediately and not to hesitate at all. This may be true for the safety of other cars and people, but symbolically the reader sees it is necessary to deal with this problem so one can continue on their path in life. The canyons with the river at the bottom could symbolically represent a way to wash all our problems away. By Just pushing the deer over the edge and not hesitating, one is getting rid of this problem without letting these troubles hold them back. Another way the decisions made when topping along the road of life are symbolized is through Staffords use of language. The word swerving is used twice in the poem. When explaining why the man should move the deer, Stafford writes, to swerve might make more dead. This also could symbolically refer to a swerve in Judgment. If the speaker makes a swerve in his decision, it has consequences which may cause problems or even death.

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Reflective journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Reflective journal - Essay Example As a means of increasing the production of the National City Bank, the corporate leaders use motivation and empowerment strategies. Motivation and empowerment The National City Bank motivates its employees through many ways which entail using rewards, recognition, and workers involvement. The forms of motivation are helpful in the organization because they increase their outputs. I learned that the increased production is caused by the elements of motivation. One of the components of motivation includes intensity; furthermore, I realized that motivation indeed increases the work intensity. Personally, motivation increases my job performances because it makes me work harder. Another element of motivation is persistency. I learned that motivation makes the workers in the banking organization not to give up doing some tasks even if they are difficult. Motivation also gives the workers directions especially if the type of motivation entails goal setting. Furthermore, it increases the wor kforces drive and energy in the work places. I learned that the elements of motivation increase businesses productivity because they challenge the workforces to use their skills and knowledge more effectively. Moreover, they encourage the underperforming workers to perform higher (Podmoroff, 2005). It is vital to know that high performing organizations like the National City Bank do not rely on motivation only. I learned that high business productivity is caused by the combination of motivation with other factors like good working conditions and workers’ capabilities (Fiore, 2004). The bank performs well because it ensures that its workers can access all the materials needed to perform their tasks. This makes the workers focus on their tasks instead of wasting time looking for the materials. Additionally, the firm ensures that its employee have the ability to do their work effectively. The bank achieves this through effective hiring process where managers do not only focus on the applicants’ credentials, but they also focus on the applicants’ abilities and interests. I also learned how motivation affects workers in organizations through the theories presented by psychologists. Some of the theories include the content and process suppositions. In the content theory, I realized that human beings pursue things because they desire certain outcomes. The process theories assume that people have the ability to opt for goals and the paths that may lead them towards the goals. According to â€Å"Maslow Hierarchy of Needs†, workers satisfaction is vital. The workers satisfactions can be attained if organizations meet their needs through peripheral and internal means (Borkowski, 2011). It is interesting to realize that the National City Bank applies the theories to satisfy and motivate its workers. For instance, the organization motivates its workers by meeting their self-actualization needs. This is achievable through the introduction of chal lenging projects which makes the workers use their skills effectively. Additionally, the bank meets the workers self-actualization needs by creating an environment that encourages creativity. The organization also rewards the employees who introduce helpful ideas to the organization. Furthermore, I realized that the bank has invested a lot in the workers’ training programs. Personality trainings help me perform tasks better because they increase my skills and abilities.

Compare and contrast absorption costing Assignment

Compare and contrast absorption costing - Assignment Example Absorption costing and Marginal costing are two such costing methods. They differ to quite an extent, however whether one method is better than the other depends largely on the situations in which they are applied and the underlying objectives of the businesses in which they are applied. Before looking at these two concepts in detail, it is appropriate to discuss the components that make up the ultimate cost of a good or service. The cost of something can be broadly broken up into fixed costs and variable costs.   Fixed costs are those costs that are incurred irrespective of the level of production. So for example, in a garment factory business, fixed costs would include the rent on the factory. This rent would largely be the same, irrespective of the volume of garments produced in that factory. On the other hand, the variable costs would include the costs of the materials used (‘direct material’), the daily wages of the staff producing the garments (‘direct labour’) and even perhaps the electricity charges on the machines used (‘direct variable overheads’). These costs increase directly with the volume of production. More garments being produced would mean more fabric being used, more people being employed or the same people being employed for longer and machines using more electricity by being worked for longer or at higher capacities. This method is also called the full costing method. As the terminology implies, under this method, the full cost of the good or service is used in arriving at the cost per unit. ‘Full costs’ mean that both the variable costs and the fixed costs are included in the calculation of cost per unit. That is, this method does not differentiate between them-all the manufacturing costs are included. In the garment factory example mentioned above, this would mean that in addition to

External Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

External Analysis - Essay Example This paper will explore and analyze the fast casual restaurant industry in the USA with considerations on Mr Empanada Franchise Corporation, a fast food casual restaurant, which is headquartered in Tampa Florida. The paper will look into the strategy of Mr Empanada and give recommendations on the same. Primarily, the paper will look into the political and legal environment in the industry and then look into the power of suppliers. Political and Legal Environment Considering the political structure of USA, both the laws of the federal government as well as the laws of the state where the business is operating govern all the businesses. The fast food restaurant in the USA is highly flourishing which is an indication of good policies regarding the restaurant industry. The state of Florida, which is the home of Mr Empanada and other multinational fast casual restaurants such as McDonald’s and Burger King Corporation, is one of the states where the restaurant industry is well estab lished. It is imperative that the restaurants should not only be conversant with the prevailing laws, both federal government and state government laws, but should also ensure that they comply with the laws. Mr Empanada engages in the manufacturing and sale of food substances, which are highly regulated by food laws that seek to protect all US consumers and apply to both USA and foreign corporations operating in the USA (Smith 353). The manufacturing facility is certified by USDA meaning that the facility is usually subjected to a daily inspection to ensure that the corporation upholds the required level of hygiene and practice in handling food for human consumption. The US FDA regulates food, beverages, and dietary supplements that are meant for human consumption or for consumption by other animals in the United States. The FDA regulations are entrenched under the US Bioterrorism Act that requires all corporations dealing with manufacturing, processing, storage or packaging of food stuffs intended for consumption in the USA be registered. It is important that all fast food restaurants should follow the due process for registration with US FDA. It is also very important that all restaurants should be conversant and compliant with all the national and state laws that govern food, beverages and other dietary supplements. In the state of Florida for instance, the enforcement of legal requirements for fast casual restaurants is very strict to ensure maximum quality and safety of foodstuffs. The Division of Hotels and Restaurants, of the Florida Department of Business and Professional Regulations, deals with the fast casual restaurants to ensure that they uphold quality and professionalism in their operations. The Division of Hotels and Restaurants inspects licenses and permits, and regulates the establishment of food services in the state in accordance with Chapter 509 of the Florida statutes. The H&R division regulates engineered facilities such as escalators, ele vators and other vertical installations in hotels and restaurants in accordance with chapter 399 of the statutes of Florida (Florida 1518). It is prudent for restaurants in the casual fast food industry to comply with all the laws and requirements of regulatory bodies to avoid undue lawsuits and liability. Mr Empanada for instance has duly complied with the requirements of USAD and has been certified by USAD to offer its services in Florida. Restaurants are often

Potassium Sorbate as a Biocide | Evaluation

Potassium Sorbate as a Biocide | Evaluation Evaluation of Potassium Sorbate as a Biocide to Reduce Viability of Total Airborne Fungi in a Higher Educational Building of Computer Studies Chin Ming Er1,a *, N. M. Sunar 2,b, Abdul Mutalib Leman2,c, Othman Norzila1,d, Quin Emparan1,e, Umi Kalthsom1,f, Paran Gani1,g, Nurul Azreen Jamal1,h 1Department of Water And Environmental Engineering (DWEE), Faculty of Civil And Environmental Engineering (FKAAS), University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia 2Department of Chemical Engineering Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology (FTK), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia Keywords: Indoor Air Quality, mold remediation, bioactive compounds. Abstract In countries which are humid throughout the year, mold is a common problem that can occur even on a computer keyboard. It is smelly and may damage the computer keyboards. It is caused by fungal spores in the air. It can also affect occupants’ healthiness. This study is aimed to evaluate the efficiency of potassium sorbate to reduce viability of indoor airborne fungi in a higher educational building of computer studies of a university located at Southern Peninsular Malaysia. Malt extract agar (MEA) was incorporated with the biocide and was used for air sampling of fungi at 3 different sites of the building including outdoors. The effectiveness of the biocide was evaluated by comparing the treated agar against the untreated agar. It was clearly shown that the biocide can effectively reduce the numbers of colony forming units of the airborne fungi at all 3 tested sites (>70% averagely) on the treated culture media, while the untreated media at all three sites was colonized by fun gi with different concentration. Introduction Indoor airborne fungal contamination is a very common issue nowadays. Its presence brings a lot of problems to indoor occupants, building owners or managers as it affects the indoor air quality (IAQ) of those infected buildings and it has been associated with unhealthy symptoms including headache, asthma, allergy and irritant effects, respiratory problems, mycoses (fungal diseases) and several other non-specific health problems [1]. IAQ is defined as the air quality within an enclosed building that leads to the comfort and healthiness of its occupiers [2]. It is a major concern as most people in the developed and developing countries, such as Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia and others, spent most of their time indoor in either offices, factories, homes or educational buildings. It has been estimated that approximate 10% of people worldwide and 5% of the population in industrial countries have fungal allergies [3,4]. Some fungi such as Aspergillus versicolor and Stachybotrys chartarum are able to produce mycotoxins and have been associated with sick building syndrome [1] Many animal studies have confirmed that mycotoxins are associated with carcinogenic, immune-suppressive, and other properties [5]. Fungi release tiny spores that float through the air and land on other locations to reproduce. When they settle on moist surfaces, the spores can form new mold colonies. If these airborne fungal spores or mycotoxins are inhaled into bronchia and alveoli, they will be lysed and the human body thereby exposed to the primary and secondary metabolites [6]. Inhalation exposure has been suggested to cause acute kidney failure, damage of the upper respiratory tract, and central nervous system damage [7]. Thus, the existence of these fungi is intolerable in indoor enviro nment. Fungi can grow anywhere over a wide-ranging temperature with sufficient nutrients and moisture [8]. Therefore, indoor mold problem has long existed in yearlong warm and humid countries like Malaysia and other Southeast Asian countries. In previous research, airborne fungi growth was found in a high humid room (relative humidity ~87%) in a higher educational building of computer studies after conventional remediation such as detergent-cleaning and changing of the affected ceiling boards [9]. It is dangerous since researchers suggested that the chances of transmitting the contaminating microbes through using of computers in a university setting is potentially great due to the enormous usage of computer keyboards that are not routinely sanitized by numerous users daily [10]. The study also shows that the conventional remediation is not a long term solution to circumvent the indoor airborne fungal contamination. However, green solutions are needed to reduce the viability of the airborne fungi and thereby the existence of secondary metabolites of fungi in indoor setting in order to secure the quality of teaching and learning among educators and students in a university building. Lately, a bioactive compound from food industry, potassium sorbate had been shown to be able to control the growth of two fungus species (Chaetomium globosum and Alternaria alternate) isolated from an indoor waterborne coating [11]. It is suggested to be effective against airborne fungi too. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the ability of potassium sorbate as a biocide to render the viability of indoor airborne fungi in a higher educational building of computer studies of a university located at Southern Peninsular Malaysia. Materials and Methods Selection of Testing Sites. The indoor airborne fungal samples were taken from a new commissioning higher educational building of computer studies of a university in Johor, Malaysia that had been identified of having microbial growth in indoor environment from previous research [9]. Three sites were selected by walk through inspection. They were each to represent a microbial-contaminated site (A), relatively mildly-contaminated site (B) and outdoors (O) of the building. The location for outdoor sampling was as close as possible to the outdoor air intake for the primary air handling system for the building [12]. Biocide Antifungal Activity. The antifungal activity of the potassium sorbate as a biocide was evaluated by air sampling with biocide-treated and untreated culture media which takes into account that the concentration of the viable fungi can be represented by colony forming unit (CFU) analysis as the calculation below: CFU/m3 = [Number of colonies x 1000] à · [Sampling time (min) x Flow rate (L/min)]. (1) The airborne fungi samples were collected using a BioStage single-stage viable cascade impactor (SKC, USA) attached to a SKC QuickTake 30 Sample Pump (SKC, USA) onto Malt Extract Agar (MEA) plates with 0.03% (w/v) biocide at a flow rate of 28.3 L/min as per requirement of National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) stated in method NIOSH Manual Analytical Standard Method (NMAM 0800). The impactor was located at the centre of the sampling location at a height of 1.0 to 1.5 meter above the floor. Every sample was obtained over 5 minute periods. The same procedure was carried out with control MEA without biocides. Both kinds of sampling with treated and untreated MEA were done in triplicate at each site on the same day during office hours and in the presence of indoor occupants. The air samplings at different sites were carried out on different week. The samples were analysed for total airborne fungi count by incubating them at 37 °C for 5 days and counting of the col ony formed was done thereafter. Results and Discussions The viability of total airborne fungi on the biocide-treated MEA was successfully reduced by 76.2% averagely if compared to their viability on control MEA without biocide (Fig. 1). Notably, potassium sorbate showed the best performance at the mildly-contaminated site, which had the lowest total airborne fungi on control MEA, by successfully reducing the viability of total indoor airborne fungi by 84.2% on biocide-treated MEA. Meanwhile, its performance dropped when the mean concentrations of total airborne fungi on control MEA increase. The percentage of reduction of viability of total airborne fungi at the contaminated site and outdoors of the building are 63.9% and 80.4% respectively. The results indicate that potassium sorbate can show the best performance to control total indoor airborne fungi concentrations if it is applied in a clean environment. This is in accordance with the function of potassium sorbate in wine-making industry to prevent a second fermentation through renderi ng any surviving yeast incapable of metabolizing and multiplying [13]. Hence, it is suggested that this biocide is very suitable to be applied together with and after conventional remediation of indoor fungal contamination periodically. Fig. 1: Comparison of viability of total airborne fungi on biocide-treated and untreated MEA. According to Industry Code of Practice on Indoor Air Quality (ICOP-IAQ 2010) set by Department of Occupational Safety and Health Malaysia, the maximum exposure limit of total indoor airborne fungi concentrations is 1000 CFU/m3. Any value of the concentrations of indoor airborne fungi that approaches or over 500 CFU/m3 can be also considered as a possible health hazard. In this study, this number was successfully reduced to below 100 CFU/m3 at two of the three testing sites and below 200 CFU/m3 at the contaminated site. These reductions might be due to high solubility of this biocide in water of growth media to convert to sorbic acid that exhibits potent antifungal properties with various mode of action such as genetic changes, alteration of morphological structure of cell, inhibition of enzymes and cell transport processes [14]. All of these after-treatment’s numbers suggests that potassium sorbate is a proper biocide to maintain the concentrations of total indoor airborne fun gi at an acceptable healthy level for human beings. In a higher educational building of computer studies, computers are always shared. Touches of computer parts especially computer keyboards by students always occur without practicing of hand hygiene. The sweats or dirt on the hands and fingers of students left on the computer parts after they using them. This in turn provides nutrients and breeding sites for airborne fungi that settle on these computer parts. The reduction of the viability of indoor airborne fungi on the biocide-treated media indicates that the airborne fungi are unable to grow on the substrate that are treated with potassium sorbate and thus suggesting that this biocide can be applied on various wall coatings, surfaces of furniture and electrical appliances including these computer parts. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that potassium sorbate is fit to be applied as a biocide in a higher educational building of computer studies to reduce the viability of indoor airborne fungi. This in turn reduces the amounts of secondary metabolites of fungi such as mycotoxin and fungal spores that can induce sick building syndrome and other unpleasant and uncomfortable feeling of indoor occupants. Acknowledgement The authors greatly appreciate Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) and the supporting Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) 1479 for facilitating the work and National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Malaysia (NIOSH) for providing technical assistance. References Kuhn, D. M., Ghannoum, M. A. (2003). Indoor mold, toxigenic fungi, and Stachybotrys chartarum: infectious disease perspective. Clinical microbiology reviews, 16(1), 144-172. Yau, Y.H.; Chew, B.T.; and Saifullah, A.Z.A. (2012) Studies on the indoor air quality of Pharmaceutical Laboratories in Malaysia. International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment 1, 110–124. Pasanen, A. L., Lappalainen, S., Pasanen, P. (1996). Volatile organic metabolites associated with some toxic fungi and their mycotoxins.Analyst, 121(12), 1949-1953. Hardin, B.D., Kelman, B.J. and Saxon, A. (2003) Adverse human health effects associated with molds in the indoor environment. J Occup Environ Med 45, 470–478. Robbins, C. A., Swenson, L. J., Nealley, M. L., Kelman, B. J., Gots, R. E. (2000). Health effects of mycotoxins in indoor air: a critical review.Applied occupational and environmental hygiene,15(10), 773-784. Fischer, G., Dott, W. (2003). Relevance of airborne fungi and their secondary metabolites for environmental, occupational and indoor hygiene.Archives of Microbiology,179(2), 75-82. Miller, J. D. (1992). Fungi as contaminants in indoor air.Atmospheric Environment. Part A. General Topics,26(12), 2163-2172. Dangman, K. H., Schenck, P., DeBernardo, R. L., Yang, C. S., Bracker, A., Hodgson, M. J. (2004).Guidance for clinicians on the recognition and management of health effects related to mold exposure and moisture indoors. Farmington, CT: University of Connecticut Health Center, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Center for Indoor Environments and Health. Er, C. M., Sunar, N. M., Mutalib, A., Norzila, O., Emparan, Q., Kalthsom, U., Gani, P., Jamal, N. A., Ideris, N. A. (2014). The Evaluation of Indoor Microbial Air Quality in a Southern Malaysia University’s New Commissioning Buildings. Applied Mechanics and Materials (in press). Anderson, G., Palombo, E. A. (2009). Microbial contamination of computer keyboards in a university setting.American journal of infection control,37(6), 507-509. Bellotti, N., Salvatore, L., Deyà ¡, C., Del Panno, M. T., del Amo, B., Romagnoli, R. (2013). The application of bioactive compounds from the food industry to control mold growth in indoor waterborne coatings. Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces, 104, 140–4. Reynolds, S. J., Black, D. W., Borin, S. S., Breuer, G., Burmeister, L. F., Fuortes, L. J., Whitten, P. (2001). Indoor environmental quality in six commercial office buildings in the midwest United States.Applied occupational and environmental hygiene,16(11), 1065-1077. Cojocaru, G. A., Antoce, A. O. (2012). Chemical And Biochemical Mechanisms of Preservatives Used in Wine: A Review.dio,1, 100. Smilanick, J. L., Mansour, M. F., Gabler, F. M., Sorenson, D. (2008). Control of citrus postharvest green mold and sour rot by potassium sorbate combined with heat and fungicides.Postharvest Biology and Technology,47(2), 226-238.

Dark Side of Human Nature in The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde :: essays research papers

Throughout the story of â€Å"The Strange Case Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde†, the author, Robert Louis Stevenson, presents his idea of the duality of man- where Dr Jekyll and Hyde have a dark, wicked side within them, where evil is held in waiting to surface, but they hide it away, they pretend it does not exist, and they keep it tame. He presents this idea by using two protagonists, Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, who are actually the same person. One of these characters signifies the normal side of a person represented by Dr Jekyll, who is a typical upper class person, and the other, Mr Hyde, a deformed man, signifies the purest of evil. Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde centers upon a beginning of human nature, although the theme does not come out fully until the last chapter, when the complete story of the Jekyll-Hyde relationship is revealed. Therefore the assumption of a dual human nature only after having witnessed all of the events of the book, including Hyde’s crimes and his ultimate overshadow of Jekyll. Mr Hyde is evil, deformed brings out the worst in people therefore he is showing a part of a dark side of human nature in the way he makes you feel bad to look upon him and his violence RLS shows in the story that there are some moral messages which relate to Mr Hyde by there is two sides to everybody good/evil and evil only held in check through rules, expected behaviour, and drug addiction. Dr. Jekyll believes good and evil exist in everyone. Experiments reveal his evil side, named Hyde. Experience teaches him how evil Hyde can be: he kills Ivy who earlier expressed interest in Jekyll and Sir Charles, Jekyll's fiancà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s father.

The Role of the Quantity Surveying Profession within the contemporary Built Environment

Before discussing the role of the quantity surveyor, it’s very important to get an idea about the built environment where the quantity surveyor works. Simply the built environment means human made buildings, cities, roads and surroundings etc.. that could provide an environment for their activities. The concept of the built environment was introduced in Greece in many centuries ago in the process of developing their cities using grid plans. But the modern concept of built environment is far more complex than that. Considering the contemporary built environment, with huge increase of the population in the world over the last century human desires are risen up and became more complicated. Similarly necessity to have houses, cities, roads, which is called built environment, has become compulsive aspect of human life. Since the Quantity Surveyor is a significant character of constructing that built environment, he/she has to play a vital role in it. The Origin of the Quantity Surveying What is the quantity surveying? According to the Seeley (1997), Quantity Surveying is a profession which would prepare an accurate bill of quantities to be priced by tendering contractors and who would measure and value any variations that might occur during the progress of the works. But when considering the history of this profession, the origin of quantity surveying carries us way back to the 17th century. In 1666 after the Great Fire, London was under restoration process it needed huge no. of workers like masons, carpenters and other tradesmen. Before the 1666 all the workers mentioned above got paid daily basis. But the large amount of labor needed to restore the city after the fire, it made governors to think twice and decided to pay each worker for the quantity of work they had done. It meant on behalf of the salary workers had been paid for the amount of carpentry, masonry and other works they had done. Therefore one person had to read the drawings of the buildings and take off the quantity of work each and every trade in the construction and at the same time he had to prepare an estimate for the total cost. And the Quantity Surveying profession was evolved to the current status after that incidence. History of the Quantity Surveying In early 70’s there was a misunderstanding about the profession that believing the â€Å"valuation† and the â€Å"measurement† are covering the whole area of quantity surveying. Therefore quantity surveying profession was highlighted only for its â€Å"Technical† role throughout that period. But measurement and valuation are only two functions performed by quantity surveyors. Because of this nature, many people believed that the functions done by the quantity surveyor can be undertaken by any person or machine that can perform arithmetic calculations, like a computer. â€Å"The QS is not a necessity in the order of things. Any convenient and cheap method of multiplying drawings and specifications and placing copies in the hands of each estimator would answer the same purpose and get rid of the QS for good† (Anon, 1889 cited in Wood, 2008). Changing roles of Quantity Surveying Despite all the above doubts quantity surveying profession was survived and presently regarded as one of the most expensive profession in the construction industry. Also quantity surveying is being known as a dynamic profession and its skills section had gone for different changes over the last decade or so. Smith (2004) mentioned that the quantity surveying profession has faced to considerable changes over the last decade in terms of scope and the type of contributions provided within and outside the construction process. Ashworth (1981) pointed out the changing role of the quantity surveyor in recent past has been significant. Traditional roles of Quantity Surveying Quantity Surveyor Is the person who giving advices and preparing documents regarding cost estimating and financial section of the construction process. Thirty years ago the role of quantity surveyor was to prepare Bill of Quantities and providing Final Accounts only. â€Å"The traditional role of quantity surveyor is the professional who provides advice about cost and financial management for the construction process. The traditional services provided are considered to be of a technical basis, such as preparing the cost plan and the bills of quantities, tender documentation and tender appraisal, interim payments, measuring and valuing variations, advising on anticipated final costs and preparing the final account† (Burnside and Westcott, 1999). Competencies of Quantity Surveying Quantity surveyors are also well known as a construction economists who perform various and wide range of duties to support the cost effective construction projects. The core competencies of quantity surveying profession such as determining the budgets of projects, measuring project quantities, preparing Bills of Quantities, cost control documents, administrating contracts, and preparing final accounts, etc.. should be maintained and enhanced in order to adapt to changes in many areas of the construction industry since the quantity surveyor’s success depends not only the skills which he/she has. Practitioners need to be far more adaptable and willing to change their standard work practices than in the past (Smith, 2004). Also the RICS has introduced and highlighted some basic and optional core competencies that required of quantity surveyors to enhance their ability to face the varying construction industry and they are as follows. Competencies required of Quantity Surveyors for professional Competency (RICS) Basic competencies Core competencies Optional competencies Personal and interpersonal skills Construction contract practice Arbitration & other dispute resolution procedures Business skills Construction technology and environmental services Development appraisal Data, information and information technology Economics of construction Facilities management Professional practice Procurement and financial management Insolvency Law Insurance Measurement Project management Mapping Property investment funding Research methodologies and techniques Valuation Taxation allowances & grants Apart from that, Information Technology has made huge impact on quantity surveying profession as though it is spread out all over the construction industry. Smith (2004; 2006) keep emphasized that all the professionals should have the knowledge of how to use the AUTOCAD properly and accurately and be an expertise in the field of construction without delaying. (Odeyinka, 2008) Stated that, commercially developed software packages are available worldwide to improve the performance of quantity surveyors. Frei, (2009) also stated that with the intention of developing the productivity and high performance of the industry it is necessary to invest in information technology (IT) and information communication technology (ICT). RICS (1991) In 1990s and 2000s, Quantity Surveyors should be more innovative, more pro-active and more mobile to solve the problems and the changing of client requirements. New skills and services will be progressively developed from continuous research and developments of new techniques. Evolving roles of Quantity Surveying The quantity surveying profession has been able to evolve and diversify into new areas of practicing, providing a wider range of services, with the modern quantity surveyor covering all aspects of project cost management, procurement and contract management (Lee, Trench and Willis 2011) (Menaha Thayaparan, et.al2011) â€Å"Deviating from its traditional â€Å"technical† role, during mid-80’s RICS has promoted the role of the Quantity Surveyor as â€Å"the Building Economist†, â€Å"Cost Engineer†, â€Å"Procurement consultant† and as a â€Å"Cost Consultant† (RICS, 1986; RICS, 1991). These roles have attributed more of a â€Å"managerial† image to the quantity surveying profession.† Since that dynamic nature of the profession, it has been shaped up to provide timely needs such as cost and value management, project management, procurement consultant, quality management, risk management, arbitration, and many more non-traditional services of the construction industry without limiting to its narrow scope. QSBC (2009) Has been suggested that the role of the quantity surveyor has outspread over time beyond its main scope of financial based concerns not only to cover the knowledge of values, cost, labor and materials, but also to include legal and contractual matters, like wise being a consultants on construction business and also has to be concern about developers, the government, contractors and the general project management. According to the facts which I have discussed so far, it has declared that Quantity Surveyors not only have to perform traditional roles by offering traditional services nevertheless also have to play contemporary roles by granting non-traditional or additional services to fill up the demand of this innovative and mutable construction industry. Apart from those cost concerned aspects discussed above, quantity surveyors are also needed to be conversant in construction management and procurement, contractual administration and legal aspects of construction within the modern built environment. Therefore it’s important to discuss about management knowledge of quantity surveyor which gives the ability to adapt to divers conditions and to solve problems emerge in financial and contractual sectors which are very unique for each and every construction projects. In the recent past years it has been not rare for quantity surveyors to widen their scope of profession and put themselves in a position of project manager with the amount of experience they have got. The importance of the Project Management is growing worldwide and it has huge impact on productivity and quality of the project. By using this art of leading and coordinating material and human resources in construction process called project management, Quantity surveyor will be able to complete project on time within the budget. â€Å"Is a quantity surveyor an estimator, contract manager or project manager? The short answer to this question is yes, yes and yes. People from a quantity surveying background may find working environment compatible with any of those roles because the training qualifications acquired from the quantity surveying create the pathways† (Donald Towey ,2012, pp.110) It is possible to list about 5 main evolved roles of the quantity surveying profession from the information mentioned above. 1. Client advocate and representative 2. Construction designing and economics 3. Construction planning and procurement 4. Construction administration and management 5. Project management Emerging roles of Quantity Surveying Not limiting to discussing about the changes that already has made an impact on the profession, it’s better to address about changes which are going to happen in near future to the quantity surveying profession. Due to the latest economic climate over the world, there are very fewer resources available to commence new building projects. But it has become viable with the finding of new ways to handle building project more cost-efficiently by modern quantity surveyors who has given the traditional and contemporary monetary roles. Whence, future changes of quantity surveying profession seem to be more compulsive and its influence to the construction industry should be more explored by the quantity surveyors. Sustainability, whole life costing and the building information modeling (BIM) are the three main emerging roles of quantity surveying profession. When it comes to the whole life costing, it is a technique that use intentionally to improve efficiency, sustainability and also it provides clear information to the client whether the project is going to be financially viable or not after built. Calculating the costs of building and the items included for its whole life is called whole life costing assessment. By carrying these assessments prior to any other works which has been taken into count maintenance, operational and demolition costs of the project with the consideration of the inflation, client will be able to get best value for his money. The concept of sustainable construction is becoming more significant in the world as we are trying to bring down the environmental pollution and the greenhouse gases globally. By using recycled material, installing innovative natural sourced systems (solar systems) and introducing efficient material, labor and waste management, Sustainability can be admitted to the construction industry. Building Information Modeling (BIM) compares all details about projects design and its construction and operation process to meet the maximum efficiency at any stage of the project by using a computer generated model. (BIMIWG 2011) Furthermore, capability of identifying number of variations in design and compare them with traditional measures in a second, reduces the workload of the quantity surveyor. Also the changes has being made to quantity surveying profession with BIM is enforced by the UK government as 3D-BIM modeling will be essential component of every project by 2016. (BIMIWG 2011) Conclusion In brief, this report has done a critical discussion on traditional and contemporary roles of quantity surveying, origin and history of the profession, key and core competencies of quantity surveying and also changing, evolved and emerging roles of quantity surveying profession. Due to the changing nature of client’s and the market demand the quantity surveying profession has evolved continuously during recent decades. Clients not only ask for traditional services but also request for nontraditional services like project management, procurement, construction administration in contemporary built environment. Also there are some emerging aspects like whole life costing assessments, sustainability and BIM that could add more changes to the quantity surveying profession in near future. Therefore, in order to develop their skills and practice Quantity Surveyors should be well aware of these changes and has to adapt to them quickly.

Forgiveness and God Essays

Forgiveness and God Essays Forgiveness and God Essay Forgiveness and God Essay Forgiveness. It is a part of our daily routine. Something we frequently give and take but do we truly understand its meaning? According to Encarta Dictionary, to forgive mearns to stop being angry about something, to pardon someone from their mistakes, to cancel an obligation or offense such as a debt. According to primary sstudents, Forgiveness mearns not taking revenge. Forgiveness mearns being friends again. Forgiveness, for me, is the best gift we can give and receive. Not only it is free but we also honour God when we do so. The greatest act of forgiveness is the forgiveness God gives to us, inners. : Gods forgiveness is priceless. Jesus Christ already died on the cross to save us. Redemption. And he gives it freely. All we have to do is ask. It is said in Romans 3:23-24 All of us have sinned and fall short, yet God declares us not guilty If we trust in Jesus Christ, who in mercy FREELY takes away our sins. Freely, he is not asking for any payment. We Just really have to confess and ask for forgiveness. And when we have asked for it, he gives it to us instantly. Isaiah 55:7 proves this, God is merciful and is quick to forgive. The moment we ask or forgiveness, we are automatically forgiven. No need to wait a long and dreadful time for his forgiveness. A little boy had Just been tucked into bed by his mother, who was waiting to hear his prayer. But the little boy had been naughty that day, and now it was bothering him. He asked his mother if she could leave so he could pray by himself. The mother, sensing that something was wrong, she asked, Bobby? Is there something you ought to tell me? No mommy. He replied. miou would Just scold at me, but God will forgive me and he will forget about it. He will forgive and he will orget. Clean slate. He wouldnt use our sins and mistakes against us. It is completely forgotten, like it never happened. All our sins erased. We, as humans, we cant help but sin. It is inevitable and we do it over and over and over again. The good news is, God is a forgiving God. He forgives rrepeatedly. He never runs out of 2nd chances. No matter how many times we sin against Him, he never stops forgiving. He never grows tired or impatient with us. Now that we have learned of Gods forgiveness, let us apply it in practical living by Forgiving Others. Lets face it, when we are the ones inning or when we have hurt others, we sometimes expect them to forgive us instantly. We sometimes even get mad when they dont but when someone has wronged us, we find it real hard to forgive them. We hold grudges against them and sometimes, we even plan revenge. But why should we forgive? The reason is very simple: Because the Lord commanded it. Paul says in Colossians 3:13 Make allowance for each others faults and forgive anyone who offended you. Remember, the Lord forgives you, so you must forgive others. In a simpler version, he says, Forgive as the Lord Forgave you. Like the Lord orgave us, Freely, Completely, Instantly and rrepeatedly. IVe heard some people say, Forgiveness is earned. Well then, if that statement is true, then none of us should be forgiven. We do not deserve His forgiveness yet He has given it to us. Lets think about this, if Jesus Christ who is prefect, completely sinless, is willing to forgive us, who keep sinning over an d over again, then doesnt it make more sense that we snou10 Torglve tnose wno nave wronged us, SINNERS Just like us? Anotner reason why we should forgive is because when we do not forgive others, we are planting itterness and hatred in our hearts. Bitterness and unforgiveness set their hooks up deep in our hearts; they are chains that hold us captive to the wounds. Until we forgive, we remain their prisoner. Bitterness ruins our life. It is a poison that damages us. It damages our relationship with others and mostly it damages our relationship with God. Our unwillingness to forgive separates us from God. I remember hearing about a Christian couple who lost their daughter in the 9/1 1 attack. They were visiting the site of the crash, ground zero. When a reporter came p to them and chatted with them. They told the reporter what had happened they mentioned that they were Christians. So the reporter, upon hearing that they were Christians said, So Im sure that on Sunday, when you go to church, you will pray about it and you will leave it in the hands of God. The mother said, No, we wont be going to church anytime soon. Why? The reporter wondered. The mother replied, Because we are not yet ready to forgive. We still cannot accept what happened. We are not blaming God but were Just not yet ready. Their unwillingness to forgive tains their relationship with God. It hinders from to talk to God completely because they know that Lord commanded us to forgive. An offense against your neighbour builds a fence between you and God Theres a lot of confusion about forgiveness. People know they should, and they try and try but they eventually give up, because its too hard its impossible. But often thats because they dont understand how to do it. People focus on trying to change something they have no direct control over. They focus on what they feel and we cant directly change those. But what we can do is focus on changing what is under our control. Granting them our forgiveness. Forgiveness is a choice. It is not a feeling. Dont try to feel forgiving before you forgive. Forgiveness is an act of will. Neil Anderson wrote, Dont wait to forgive until you feel like forgiving. You will never get there. Feelings take time to heal after the choice to forgive is made. Forgiveness is not amnesia which erases the past instead it is the experience of healing that draws the poison out. It is not saying, It didnt really matter or, that its fine. Forgiveness says, It is wrong. Very wrong. It mattered, it hurt me deeply. And Im releasing it. Im letting it go. You may recall that pain but you will no longer relive it.. We acknowledge that it hurt, that it mattered, but we choose to extend our forgiveness. The surest test of maturity is to forgive. Is it hard to forgive a person who has offended us? When we look to Jesus as our example, how are we doing? The more we become like Him, the easier it will be to forgive others. When it seems we cant forgive, let us remember how much weve been forgiven.

Coffee, Tea, or Opium essays

Coffee, Tea, or Opium essays In the nineteenth century, Chinese green tea became very popular among the British people. Chinese silk and spices were also in great demand. The Chinese, on the other hand, needed almost nothing the west had to offer and the only things they would take in trade, other than Spanish silver dollars, was woolen and cotton cloth. This created an imbalance of trade, especially bad for the European nations. England and other Western nations changed the balance of their trade by using opium as a means of payment, welcomed in China by many merchants in lieu of currency, in spite of the Imperial Chinese prohibition on opium. During the early 1800's opium addiction reached an all time high in China, and by 1838 thirty-five thousand, one hundred and fifty pound chests of opium entered China. In 1839 Lin Zexu, Chinas commissioner for foreign trade, was given the assignment to stop the import of opium to China. He studied what he considered the barbarian culture of Europe looking for clues to their behavior. To try to stop the trade, he wrote to the Queen of England, Queen Victoria, and tried to reason with her for help with the opium import problem. Alas, he had no luck and the Qing government, after a decade of unsuccessful anti-opium campaigns, enacted drastic laws against the opium trade. Lin Zexu, seized and destroyed some twenty thousand chests of opium. The British retaliated violently, soundly defeating the unprepared Chinese, and in 1842 forcing them to sign the Treaty of Nanking which required the Chinese to pay twenty-one million dollars in reparations, the opening of five ports to British trade, and surrendering Hong Kong to Queen Victoria. Lion Zexu was disgraced instead of praised for his peaceful efforts and was forced to supervise irrigation projects and repairs of dikes for the last few years of his life. The city of Hong Kong was held as a British territory from that time unti ...

Business proposal - Operations Plan Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business proposal - Operations Plan - Term Paper Example The importance of operational planning is dependent on the nature of the business. A manufacturing business requires more attention towards the production facilities and operational issues as compared to a retail or service business which involves lesser operational complexity (Lasher, 2010; Ford, Bornstein & Pruitt, 2010; Gaspar, 2013; Maynard, 2012). Business operation Total Alignment is a mattress company who has planned to introduce a system of computerized automatic adjustable mattress named Total Alignment Sleep Mattress 4000 System. The company has entered into an agreement with Ethan Allen, who have agreed to sell the mattresses designed by Total Alignment for a percentage of sales cost. The organization will be using third party distribution channels that are located in Los Angeles. The mattresses are either shipped directly to the stores or to the customers. Thus, the mattresses will be manufactured by Total Alignment and the orders will be distributed by the third party ch annel. Ethan Allen will be selling those mattresses. Daily Operation Firstly, the manufacturing of the mattresses will take place in the manufacturing plant of the Total Alignment, in the presence of technical experts along with other unit members. Quality control team will also be there at the manufacturing plant. The team will be responsible to check each manufactured mattresses for technical failures and to provide approval to the desired quality. The differentiating feature of these mattresses is the technological singularity. So, care should be taken that this aspect of the product meets and retains the expectations. After the product passes the quality check, they are ready to be packed and stored the warehouse. The mattresses will be sold through Ethan Allen who on receiving an order for the mattress will inform the company warehouse. They in turn will immediately deliver the product either to Ethan Allen or directly to the customer. This depends upon the individual delivery dates of the ordered products. If they have an immediate requirement, then the products will be directly delivered to the customers. Otherwise, they will be delivered first to the store and later to the customer. The whole process will be implemented in a computerized manner so that errors are minimal. Figure 1: Operational Flow Source: (Author’s Creation) Planning for increased demand The product that Total Alignment is developing, promises to generate a huge demand amongst the customers because of its long lists of benefits such as, health related advantages, variation in size of the mattresses and lifetime warranty on maintenance and repair. If the customer response to these features is high, thereby leading to high demand, then the organization will be compelled to increase their production in order to cater to the rising demand of the customers. In order to increase the production, Total Alignment will need to increase their manpower along with installation of more equip ment. Increase in only any one of the factors will not lead to the desired outcome. Thus, both the factors must be increased in order to enhance the production. By increasing the number of equipments installed, one can increase the prod

Two Paths to Freedom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Two Paths to Freedom - Essay Example 246). Both Martin and Malcolm criticized each other as a means of justifying his method of operation. Malcolm criticizes Martin by feeling that Christian ideologies were corrupt by promoting the white man. On the other hand, Martin reacted by terming Malcolm’s Nation of Islam ideas as a desperate reaction to segregation (Cone and Witherspoon, p. 245). Both Martin and Malcolm viewed human respect as the primary objective of their struggle. Martin felt that the connection was derived from religion and cultural identification while Martin felt that respect was acquired through socio-political power. We also further on realize that both leaders culturally identified with Africa as their place of descent (Cone and Witherspoon, p. 247). It can be observed that, Malcolm’s idea of black religion and social identity complements Martin’s idea of political power for equality. Malcolm’s idea of religion for equality was used by martin in the Montgomery bus boycott to advocate religious identity as Christians. Christianity on its part supported the idea of equality for all Christians (Cone and Witherspoon